海南自贸港会给生活带来哪些变化?专家解读来了

6月1日，我国正式对外发布了《海南自由贸易港建设总体方案》，方案提出了贸易自由便利、投资自由便利、跨境资金流动自由便利等11个方面、共39条具体政策，把海南岛打造成具有较强国际影响力的高水平自由贸易港。

所谓海南自由贸易港，是指覆盖海南岛全岛，在实现有效监管的前提下，建设全岛封关运作的海关监管特殊区域，在这里货物、资金、人员进出自由、绝大多数商品免征关税。

专家表示，海南自由贸易港比自贸试验区开放领域更广，程度更深。将通过实行高水平贸易和投资自由化便利化政策，建立具有国际竞争力的特殊税收制度，实施市场准入承诺即入制度等多项制度的创新，建设全球开放层次最高的特殊经济功能区域。

中国海南改革发展研究院院长 迟福林：自贸港是当今国际最高开放形态。它是以制度性开放为主要标志的，他是要对标国际最自由贸易港的一般规则和制度，他是以零关税、低税率、简税制为主要特征，也就适应了全球零关税、零补贴、零壁垒这样的一个规则变化的大趋势。

总体方案还明确了海南自由贸易港的发展目标，到2025年，将初步建立以贸易自由便利和投资自由便利为重点的自由贸易港制度体系；到2035年，自由贸易港制度体系和运作模式更加成熟，成为我国开放型经济新高地；到本世纪中叶，全面建成具有较强国际影响力的高水平自由贸易港。

中国国际经济交流中心首席研究员 张燕生：在整个的国家发展体系，要有国际的高水平，高标准的自由贸易港，在国家的发展中落地，来起到一个战略的抓手和支点，来撬动整个国家更高水平开放型经济新体制的建设。从这个角度来讲，它是有着非常重大的这种全局性、战略性和前瞻性的这种历史的地位。

高水平自由贸易港 高在哪儿？

这次的方案提出，要把海南自由贸易港建设成为高水平的自由贸易港，那么，这个高水平体现在哪些方面呢？

中国政法大学国际法学院院长 孔庆江：我想这个高水平可能要从两方面来观察它，第一方面从宏观上来讲，它作为一个对外开放的高地，可以打造最佳的营商环境。微观方面而言，无论在货物贸易、投资方面、服务贸易，就某些具体制度而言的话，它应该是体现了最高水平或者较高水平的开放。  

货物贸易：以“零关税”为基本特征

在货物贸易方面，实行以“零关税”为基本特征的自由化便利化制度安排。一是制定海南自由贸易港禁止、限制进出口的货物、物品清单，清单外的货物、物品自由进出；二是制定海南自由贸易港进口征税商品目录，目录外的货物进入自由贸易港免征进口关税。以联运提单付运的转运货物不征税、不检验。

而对于货物的存储，海南自贸港不再设置存储期限，并可以自由选择存放的地点。实施“零关税”的货物，海关免于实施常规监管。

中国国际经济交流中心首席研究员 张燕生：通过海南自由贸易港的建设，能够把我们的贸易成本降低三倍到五倍。目前的这个自由化的水平，再加上自由化的改革，那么整个我们的跨境贸易就不仅仅是世界第一外贸大国，而将成为世界第一外贸强国。

服务贸易：“既准入又准营”

在服务贸易方面，实行以“既准入又准营”为基本特征的自由化便利化政策举措。实施跨境服务贸易负面清单制度，破除跨境交付、境外消费、自然人移动等服务贸易模式下存在的各种壁垒，给予境外服务提供者国民待遇。

中国政法大学国际法学院院长 孔庆江：既准入又准营指的是这样一种情形。当一个服务贸易的提供商是外国人，进入中国，进入自贸港之后，那么以前由于各种各样的限制，包括人员移动方面的自由，比方入境签证这样一些方面的限制，包括跨境交易方面的限制和境外消费方面的限制，使得他建立一个企业之后不能马上投入营运，而现在将这方面的限制取消掉或者分步取消掉，使得他能建立企业的同时就能够投入营运。

投资自由便利：市场准入承诺即入

除了贸易自由化便利化之外，专家表示，高水平还体现在投资自由便利方面。

非禁即入 实施市场准入承诺即入制

这次的方案提出，实施市场准入承诺即入制。严格落实“非禁即入”，对具有强制性标准的领域，原则上取消许可和审批，建立健全备案制度，市场主体承诺符合相关要求并提交相关材料进行备案，即可开展投资经营活动。

中国政法大学国际法学院院长 孔庆江：本来你要满足完全的条件之后，才能够投入营运，才能够投入这个行业的经营。而现在，只要你做出承诺，就可以投入经营。第一，非常便利经营业务，第二，实际上也使得他降低很多的成本，能够尽早利用各种各样的商机。

在监管方面，实行以过程监管为重点的投资便利制度。在政府采购方面，要对内外资企业一视同仁。在完善产权保护制度方面，加强区块链技术在知识产权交易、存证等方面应用，探索适合自由贸易港发展的新模式。

自贸港会给生活带来哪些变化？

打造海南自由贸易港不仅是引领我国新时代对外开放的鲜明旗帜和重要开放门户，对于我们的生活来说，也带来了一些实实在在的好处。

放宽离岛免税购物额度到每年每人10万元

先来看购物，对于岛内居民来说，消费进境商品，实行正面清单管理，允许岛内免税购买。对于游客来说，将放宽离岛免税购物额度，由现在的每年每人3万元放宽到10万元，同时扩大免税商品种类。

进一步放宽户口迁移政策

再看户籍管理，进一步放宽户口迁移政策，实行以公民身份号码为唯一标识、全岛统一的居住证制度。

外国人可自行申报或通过单位邀请接待免签入境

对于外籍人士来说，2025年前，外国人免签入境渠道由旅行社邀请接待扩展为外国人自行申报或通过单位邀请接待免签入境。允许外国人以商贸、探亲、就医、体育竞技等事由免签入境海南。实施外国旅游团乘坐邮轮入境15天免签政策。

境外理工农医类大学可在海南独立办学

在教育方面，允许境外理工农医类高水平大学、职业院校在海南自由贸易港独立办学，设立国际学校。推动国内重点高校引进国外知名院校，在海南自贸港举办具有独立法人资格的中外合作办学机构。

再看旅游医疗，海南自由贸易港将围绕国际旅游消费中心建设，推动旅游与文化体育、健康医疗、养老养生等深度融合。支持海南大力引进国外优质医疗资源，支持海南建设区域医疗中心。

来源：央视新闻客户端

记者：孙渊

值班主任：戎海

值班总监：李国栋

责任编辑：周钰





中共中央 国务院印发《海南自由贸易港建设总体方案》



央视《焦点访谈》：海南自贸港，未来扮演什么角色？



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